Technologies

Detonation engines use controlled shock waves to release fuel energy, promising greater efficiency for aviation and rockets. Discover how pulsed and rotating detonation engines work, why they're so challenging to build, and their potential impact on future propulsion systems.

Holographic displays are rapidly evolving, bringing science fiction closer to reality with light field and volumetric technologies. This article explores the differences between true holograms, 3D screens, and popular "holographic" devices, as well as the technical hurdles that must be overcome before glasses-free holographic TVs become mainstream.

Airless tires eliminate the risk of sudden flats by using a flexible internal structure instead of air. This technology offers puncture resistance, reduced maintenance, and potential advantages for commercial and electric vehicles. However, challenges remain in comfort, cost, and mass adoption for everyday cars.

Stellarators offer a unique approach to magnetic confinement fusion, using complex external coils to confine plasma without the need for a strong internal current. This technology enables more stable and potentially continuous operation but introduces significant engineering challenges. Modern advancements, such as Wendelstein 7-X, highlight the stellarator's promise and the hurdles it must overcome to enable practical fusion power plants.

Tokamaks are advanced devices designed to recreate the Sun's fusion process on Earth. Using magnetic fields to confine plasma, they aim to make fusion a practical energy source. Learn how tokamaks work, their challenges, and why the ITER project marks a crucial step toward commercial fusion power.

Pumped storage power plants store excess electricity by using water as a "giant battery," balancing grid supply and demand. Discover how they work, their advantages over traditional batteries, and why they're vital for integrating renewables into the power system. Learn about their efficiency, limitations, and unmatched role in large-scale energy storage.

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is the backbone of secure digital communications, enabling authentication for websites, users, and devices. Learn how PKI, digital certificates, and certificate authorities work together to establish trust in HTTPS, electronic signatures, and enterprise security systems.

Password hashing is essential for protecting user credentials online. Learn how hashing, salt, and specialized algorithms like bcrypt and Argon2 prevent attackers from accessing passwords, even in the event of a database breach. This guide also explains why plain text storage is dangerous and outlines best practices for secure password management.

XSS attacks exploit web application vulnerabilities to execute malicious JavaScript in users' browsers. Learn how cross-site scripting works, its dangers, and effective prevention methods. This guide covers stored, reflected, and DOM XSS, highlighting why robust data handling and security measures are essential.